Introduction: The dust storms are one of the climatic hazards in the dry climates of the world. They cause many damages to the environment and humans. One of the aspects of a study to understand the origin of this phenomenon is the formation of foci in the recent years in the areas of research. It has been done in the central regions. The dust storms have gained global scale. This has demonstrated that the primacy of the Sahara has highlighted the importance of some other drylands, including the Middle East, Taklamakan, southwest Asia, central Australia, the Etosha and Mkgadikgadi pans of southern Africa, the Salar de Uyuni of Bolivia and the Great Basin in the USA).

One of the natural phenomena which results to harmful damages all over the world every year, is the occurrence of severe flood. This phenomenon also occurs in Iran, especially in dry and desert regions. In spite of placing subtropical high pressure centers during some months of year on most parts of country followed by lack of atmospheric precipitations for consecutive months, considerable amount of rainfall can be occur in other months and result to harmful and destructive flood.Yazd province is subject to flood because of its climatic and geographical situation which is located in dry and desert region of central Iran, and incurs great damages in this regard periodically. Therefore, understanding the process, its occurrence and identifying synoptic patterns resulting to flood in this province can be useful in forcasting and reducing the harmful effects of this phenomenon. This research has been conducted using daily precipitation data in Yazd stations, surface and upper levels synoptic maps, also upper atmospheric data in Yazd, Kerman, Shiraz, Esfahan and Bandar Abbas stations during the intended statistical period for 10 selected flood samples. The results of this study show that the presence of cylones for several consecutive days may result in the occurrence of flood to this province. Red sea and Sudan low pressure systems which enter Yazd province through the south western part of the country, if allowed to take sufficient heat and moisture from southern waters, result to flood. Mediterranean- Sudan compound systems which obtain moisture again after passing Zagros possesses severe instability create flood in Yazd province. The intensity of floods depends on the arrangement of synoptic patterns of atmospheric systems.

In this study, weather conditions such as air humidity, temperature air, and wind speed were investigated in relation to wind turbine efficiency with the approach of an exergy study. In this study, the wind speed has been investigated in two different climatic regions of Iran with an approximate distance of 1200 km, in the names of Ardabil and Marvast. The amount of wind density of Ardabil is equal to 66 (kW/m2) and Marvast is equal to 123 (kW/m2). Power production using a 10 (Kw) wind turbine in the Ardabil region is 2.3 (MWh) and in the Marvast region is 3.2 (MWh) per year. The highest wind turbine exergy efficiency is 0.48 in the Ardabil region, and the highest exergy efficiency in the Marvast region is 0.18. The amount of reduction of CO2 gas production, using wind turbines in comparison to gas and diesel power plants in Ardabil, are 1.1 and 2.1 tons and in Marvast are 1.5 and 2.9 tons per year. This reduction in CO2 greenhouse gas per year is equal to using a forest region of 1000 (m2) to 3000 (m2). The use of wind turbines reduces the fuel consumption of diesel power plants in the Ardabil region for the amount of 797.4 liters and in the Marvast region for the amount of 1244 liters of diesel per year. According to this review, it can be concluded that in addition to wind speed, air humidity plays a significant role in the selection, installation, and commissioning of wind turbines in the region. According to this survey, it can be seen that in the Ardabil region, the wind speed of the wind turbine has a higher exergy efficiency than in the Marvast region, and it can be concluded that the wind turbine has performed better in the Ardabil region.

In general, Garmesh wind in Rasht province increases the temperature by 9°C and reduces relative humidity by 47%. The direction of prevailing wind during the Garmesh wind is Southern and its average speed increases by 2 m/s to 5 m/s. The highest frequency of Garmesh wind occurs at 09 and 12 UTC in December and January. The occurrence of this phenomenon substantially increases the horizontal visibility, so the sky would be clear in more than 40% of the cases.

Air pollution is one of the most important problems in urban areas that always threaten citizen’s health. Photochemical smog is one of the main factors of air pollution in large cities like Tehran. Usually smog is not only a part of nature, but is being analyzed as an independent matter, which highly affects on the nature. It has been used as relationship between atmospheric elements such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed with inversion in the time of smog forming and weather map in 500 Hpa level during 9 years descriptive static by using correlation coefficient in this analyze. Results show that there is a meaningful correlation between atmospheric elements and smog forming. This relation is seen between monthly average of these elements and monthly average of smog forming. However, when temperature decreases, corresponding pressure will increase and result of this will be smog forming. Usually smog increases in cold months of year due to enter cold high pressure air masses in Iran during December and January that is simultaneous with decreasing temperature and air pressure increases and inversion height distance decreases from the earth surface which cause to integrate air pollution under its surface, will cause to form smog in Tehran. It shows a meaningful and strong relation, based on resultant relations by correlation coefficient from inversion height and smog forming, so that obtained figure is more than 60%.

Derivatives were created in the financial markets to cover the variety of risks facing the firms. This type of tool, were created initially only to cover the financial risks such as fluctuations in asset prices, interest rates, exchange rates, etc. but because they have very high performance are also entered in other areas such as credit risk, weather and natural disasters. Weather futures contracts position as a means of emerging market derivatives, has been very good in this market. Weather futures contracts are used for hedging sale and return for firms. In this article, initially introduce history and literature review of weather future contract in conventional finance, and then survey this tools with juridical approach. The paper present that the first model of weather future in accepted by Islamic finance principals but the second model in accepted by sehhat, lozoom, prohibition of zarar, prohibition of riba, prohibition of gharar and prohibition of ghemar is but in not accepted accordance with Eccles by void. The paper presents a model for this tool is also provided in accordance with Islamic principles, which should make the real sector of the economy.